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Practice

Avoid an invalid converse

All urgent tickets are flagged. Ticket 42 is flagged. What is guaranteed?

Deduction chain

Preserve direction from premises to conclusion

  1. PremisesSeparate facts and rules
  2. DirectionMark if, only, all, and some
  3. ConnectLink matching terms
  4. ChallengeTry a counterexample
  5. ConcludeState only what is guaranteed

A guaranteed conclusion follows only when stated facts activate rules in their written direction and no counterexample survives.

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